Imiti ya aerosol yagize uruhare rukomeye mubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi mumyaka mirongo, uhereye kubikoresho byoza urugo kugeza kubintu byitaweho nka deodorant. Icyakora, hagaragaye impungenge ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije by’ibicuruzwa, cyane cyane uruhare rwazo mu kugabanuka kwa ozone no kubyara imyanda. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura impungenge z’ibidukikije zijyanye na spray ya aerosol, uko ikora, n’ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije bugaragara. Reka twibire niba koko aerosol spray ari mbi kubidukikije.
1.Nigute Aerosol spray ikora?
Aerosol itera imikorere ikoresheje gaze yotswa igitutu kugirango yirukane ibintu byamazi muri kanseri. Ibicuruzwa byishingikiriza kuri moteri (gaze) kugirango uhate ibicuruzwa hanze iyo ukanze nozzle. Nubwo ibi bisa nkibikorwa byoroshye, bikubiyemo ubukanishi hamwe n’imiti ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bidukikije no ku buzima bwacu.
Ibigize Aerosol Irashobora
Aerosol irashobora kuba igizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi:
Igicuruzwa : Nibintu byatewe, nka fresheneri yumuyaga, ibikoresho byogusukura, cyangwa deodorant.
Umuyoboro : Gazi ihatira ibicuruzwa hanze, akenshi gaze ifunitse cyangwa gaze ya lisukari.
Igikoresho : Igikoresho ubwacyo, gisanzwe gikozwe mubyuma kandi akenshi kizana nozzle yo kugenzura.
Mu ntangiriro ya aerosol, moteri ikoreshwa ni chlorofluorocarbone (CFCs), nyuma yaje gusanga ari mbi kuri ozone. Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa byinshi bya aerosol birimo moteri zindi zitangiza nabi ariko zishobora kwerekana ibibazo by’ibidukikije.
Abamamaza: Akaga kihishe
Mu bihe byashize, CFC ni zo zambere zasunikaga mu kirere cya aerosol, ariko ahanini zagiye zivaho kubera uruhare rwazo mu kugabanya urwego rwa ozone. Igice cya ozone ni ingenzi mu kurinda Isi imishwarara yangiza ultraviolet. Kurandura CFCs byatewe nimbaraga mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane Protokole ya Montreal, yatumye igabanuka ryimiti igabanya ozone.
Nyamara, ibyinshi mubindi bigezweho kuri CFCs biracyafite ingaruka kubidukikije. Imashini zikoresha nka hydrocarbone (butane, propane) hamwe na gaze zifunitse (nitrous oxyde) zikoreshwa muri iki gihe. Nubwo bidakabije kwangiza urwego rwa ozone, zimwe muri iyo myuka irashobora kugira uruhare mu bushyuhe bw’isi kuko ari imyuka ya parike ikomeye iyo irekuwe mu kirere.
2.Ingaruka ku bidukikije ya Aerosol
Indege ya Aerosol, nubwo yoroshye, itera ibibazo byinshi bidukikije, cyane cyane kubijyanye n'ingaruka zabyo ku kirere no kujugunya imyanda. Reka dusenye ibibazo byingenzi bidukikije bijyanye nibicuruzwa bya aerosol.
Kugabanuka kwa Ozone
Kimwe mubibazo byingenzi byibidukikije bifitanye isano na aerosole ni ingaruka zabyo kurwego rwa ozone. Mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, wasangaga aerosole irimo chlorofluorocarbone (CFCs), iyo ikaba ari imiti isenya molekile ya ozone muri stratosfera. Uku kunanuka kwa ozone kwatumaga imirasire yangiza ultraviolet (UV) ituruka ku zuba igera ku isi, bigatuma abantu barwara kanseri y'uruhu, cataracte, nibindi bibazo byubuzima.
Kubera kuvumbura ingaruka mbi za CFCs, umuryango mpuzamahanga wafashe ingamba binyuze muri Protokole ya Montreal. Aya masezerano yashyizweho umukono mu 1987, yagenze neza cyane mu kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti igabanya ozone, harimo n’iyitwa moteri ya aerosol. Kuva icyo gihe, ibicuruzwa byinshi bya aerosol byahinduye ubundi buryo butekanye, nka hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) cyangwa umwuka wihishe. Nubwo ubwo buryo butandukanye butagira uruhare mu kugabanuka kwa ozone, buracyafite izindi ngaruka ku bidukikije, harimo n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ubushyuhe ku isi.
Umwanda uhumanya ikirere hamwe nubuziranenge bwikirere
Imiti ya Aerosol nayo igira ingaruka zikomeye ku ihumana ry’ikirere, cyane cyane ubwiza bw’imbere mu nzu. Iyo aerosole ikoreshejwe, imiti iri muri spray, harimo na moteri, irashobora kurekurwa mukirere. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bya aerosol birimo ibinyabuzima bihindagurika (VOC), bishobora kugira uruhare mu gushiraho umwotsi na ozone yo ku butaka, umwanda ukomeye.
Mu nzu, izi VOC zirashobora kugira uruhare mu kutagira ikirere cyiza kandi zishobora gukaza ibibazo by’ubuhumekero, harimo asima na allergie. Mugihe uburyo bugezweho bwa aerosol spray irimo imiti mike yangiza kurusha iyababanjirije, kuba VOC iracyafite impungenge kubidukikije.
Ibibazo byo guta imyanda
Iyo aerosol imaze kuba ubusa, ihinduka ibicuruzwa. Amabati ya aerosol akozwe mubyuma, birashobora gukoreshwa, ariko byinshi bikarangirira kumyanda. Igipimo cyo gutunganya amabati ya aerosol ni gito ugereranije nibindi bicuruzwa byicyuma, igice kubera ko gishobora kuba kirimo moteri nkeya cyangwa ibisigazwa byibicuruzwa. Niba bidatunganijwe neza, amabati ya aerosol arashobora guteza ibyago byo guturika cyangwa kumena imiti mubidukikije.
Byongeye kandi, imyanda ikomoka ku bicuruzwa bya aerosol irenze amabati ubwayo. Ibicuruzwa byinshi bya aerosol nibikoreshwa rimwe, biganisha kumyanda ya plastike cyangwa ibyuma birenze urugero byegeranya imyanda. Igiciro cyibidukikije cyumusaruro, gupakira, no kujugunya ibyo bicuruzwa ni ngombwa.
3.Ibidukikije-Byiza Ibindi Kuri Aerosol
Mugihe spray ya aerosol itanga ibibazo by ibidukikije, inkuru nziza nuko hariho ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije buboneka bushobora gufasha kugabanya ingaruka zabyo. Mu myaka mike ishize, abayikoze bateye intambwe igaragara mugutezimbere ibicuruzwa bya aerosol birambye.
Firorine idafite Aerosol
Imwe mu majyambere akomeye mubicuruzwa byangiza ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije ni uguhindura CFCs nindi miti igabanya ozone. Ikirere kitagira florine ikoresha moteri itekanye, nk'umwuka uhumanye cyangwa hydrocarbone nka butane na propane. Ubundi buryo ntibwangiza cyane kurwego rwa ozone kandi bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gushyuha kwisi.
Ikirere kitagira florine nacyo ntigifite uburozi kubantu, kuko kitarekura imiti yangiza mu kirere iyo ikoreshejwe. Icyakora, moteri zimwe na zimwe zitagira fluor ziracyafite uruhare mu kwanduza ikirere no gusohora ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, nubwo muri rusange bifatwa nk’umutekano kuruta ibya CFC bishaje.
Amabati yuzuye ya Aerosol
Ubundi buryo butanga ikizere ni iterambere ryibikoresho bya aerosol byuzuzwa. Aho gukoresha ikoreshwa rimwe, ibyo bicuruzwa birashobora kuzuzwa nibicuruzwa wahisemo. Ibi bifasha kugabanya imyanda, nkuko kanseri imwe ikoreshwa inshuro nyinshi. Amabati yuzuzwa ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane kubicuruzwa byita ku muntu nka deodorant na fresheners zo mu kirere, kuko bifasha kugabanya ibikenerwa bikoreshwa rimwe.
Ibi bikoresho byuzuzwa akenshi bikoresha ibikoresho byangiza ibidukikije kandi bikazana uburyo bwo kugura ibyuzuye kubwinshi, bikagabanya ikirere cyibidukikije.
Gupakira birambye hamwe nibimera bishingiye kubimera
Usibye amabati yuzuzwa, ibirango byinshi birimo gufata ibicuruzwa birambye kubicuruzwa byabo bya aerosol. Ibi birashobora kubamo gukoresha ibikoresho bitunganijwe neza cyangwa gushushanya amabati yoroshye kuyatunganya. Ibiranga bimwe byimukiye no ku bimera bishingiye ku bimera bikomoka ku masoko karemano, bigabanya ingaruka rusange ku bidukikije.
Udushya nk'utwo dufasha gukora ibicuruzwa bya aerosol byangiza ibidukikije, nubwo hakenewe kwakirwa henshi kugira ngo bigire ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije.
4.Nigute wahitamo Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bya Aerosol
Niba ushaka kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije kubicuruzwa bya aerosol, hari ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe uguze. Dore uko ushobora guhitamo byinshi birambye:
Reba ibicuruzwa bitarimo Fluorine
Hitamo ibicuruzwa bya aerosol bikoresha moteri idafite fluor. Imisemburo ya aerosol gakondo yarimo chlorofluorocarbone (CFCs), byangiza urwego rwa ozone. Nubwo ahanini byagiye bivaho, aerosole zimwe ziracyafite imiti ishobora kwangiza ibidukikije. Ubundi buryo butarimo florine, nkumwuka uhumeka cyangwa ibimera bishingiye ku bimera, ntabwo bifite umutekano gusa kurwego rwa ozone ahubwo bifite n’ibidukikije bito muri rusange.
Reba kubishobora gupakira
Menya neza ko amabati ya aerosol wahisemo ashobora gukoreshwa. Ibi ni ngombwa mu kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije. Amabati menshi ya aerosol agezweho akozwe muri aluminium cyangwa ibyuma, byombi birashobora gukoreshwa cyane. Ibiranga bimwe bitanga amabati akozwe mubikoresho bitunganijwe neza, bifasha kurushaho kugabanya ubukene bwumutungo winkumi. Na none, ibirango bimwe bishobora gukoresha byoroshye-gutunganya ibishushanyo, byemeza ko amabati ashobora gutunganywa neza mugihe amaze gukoreshwa.
Byongeye kandi, urashobora kugenzura niba ibicuruzwa bipfunyika byangiza ibidukikije ushakisha ibirango cyangwa ibyemezo byerekana ko ibipfunyika bikozwe mubikoresho biramba cyangwa bisubirwamo. Gushyigikira ibyo bicuruzwa bizagabanya ubwinshi bwimyanda irangirira mu myanda.
Gura Amahitamo Yuzuye
Tekereza kugura ibicuruzwa bya aerosol byuzuzwa mugihe bihari. Ibicuruzwa bigufasha kongera gukoresha kontineri imwe, kugabanya cyane imyanda. Aho kugura ikintu gishya buri gihe, urashobora kugura ibyuzuye, mubisanzwe bigira ingaruka nke kubidukikije kandi bikagabanya umubare wibikoreshwa rimwe byinjira mumigezi.
Amahitamo yuzuye arashobora kuboneka mubintu bitandukanye byita kumuntu nka deodorant hamwe na fresheners. Muguhitamo amahitamo yuzuzwa, urashobora gukora itandukaniro rinini mukugabanya ibyo ukoresha ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa hamwe nububiko, bikagira uruhare mubuzima burambye.
Shigikira Ibirango hamwe na Eco-Nshuti
Ibirango byinshi ubu birimo guhabwa ibyemezo byibidukikije kubicuruzwa byabo, byemeza ko ibikorwa byabo byujuje ubuziranenge bwibidukikije. Shakisha ibyemezo nka Star Star, Cradle to Cradle, cyangwa Ubucuruzi Bwiza mugihe ugura ibicuruzwa bya aerosol. Izi mpamyabumenyi zerekana ko ikirango cyiyemeje kugabanya ikirere cy’ibidukikije, haba mu gukoresha ibikoresho birambye, kugabanya gukoresha ingufu mu gihe cy’umusaruro, cyangwa kugabanya imyanda.
Gushyigikira ibirango bifite ibyemezo byangiza ibidukikije ntabwo byemeza gusa ko uhitamo ibicuruzwa birambye, ahubwo binashishikariza ibigo gukomeza guhanga udushya muburyo bushira imbere kurengera ibidukikije. Mugutora ukoresheje ikotomoni yawe, utanga umusanzu mugukora isoko ryita kubidukikije.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo)
1. Ese spray ya aerosol yangiza kurwego rwa ozone?
Ikirere cya mbere cya aerosol cyarimo CFCs, itera ozone igabanuka. Ibi byagiye bikurwaho, kandi aerosole igezweho ikoresha moteri itekanye itangiza urwego rwa ozone.
2. Nigute amabati ya aerosol agomba gutabwa?
Amabati ya aerosol agomba gutunganywa neza. Amabati arimo ubusa agifite moteri ntoya agomba kujugunywa hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’ibanze kugira ngo hatabaho ingaruka.
3. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya aerosole idafite fluor na aerosole gakondo?
Ikirere kitagira fluorine gikoresha moteri itekanye idatanga umusanzu wo kugabanuka kwa ozone, bitandukanye na aerosole gakondo yakoreshaga imiti yangiza nka CFCs.
4. Nigute nshobora kugabanya ingaruka zibidukikije ziterwa na aerosol?
Hitamo ibicuruzwa bitarimo fluor, reba ibicuruzwa bipfunyika, kugura ibicuruzwa bya aerosol byuzuzwa, kandi ushyigikire ibicuruzwa bifite ibyemezo bya eco kugirango ugabanye ingaruka z’ibidukikije.
Umwanzuro
Imiti ya aerosol ifite ibyoroshye bidasubirwaho mubice byinshi byubuzima bwa buri munsi, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka zirambye kubidukikije. Kuva umusanzu wabo mu kugabanuka kwa ozone kugeza ku ngaruka zabyo ku bwiza bwo mu kirere no kubyara imyanda, ibicuruzwa bya aerosol bitanga ibibazo bikomeye. Ariko, kuzamuka kwizindi nzira zangiza ibidukikije, nka spre idafite fluor, amabati yuzuzwa, hamwe nububiko burambye, birashimishije. Muguhitamo neza no gushyigikira ibirango byangiza ibidukikije, turashobora kugabanya ibidukikije byibicuruzwa bya aerosol.
