Guhangayikishwa cyane nimpumuro nziza na 'uburozi ' bushya bwikirere bugeze murwego rwo hejuru. Abaguzi bahora bahura numutwe uteye ubwoba kubijyanye nubwiza bwimbere mu nzu hamwe n’imiti. Abantu benshi ubu bakwiriye kwibaza umutekano wimpumuro mbi ya buri munsi. Uku gushidikanya gukabije guturuka ku kuvanga amakuru ashaje hamwe nibibazo byimiti bifite ishingiro.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, ibicuruzwa byumurage byashingiraga cyane kubintu byangiza ibintu. Uyu munsi, gutandukanya ingaruka zifatika zubuzima nibisanzwe bitera ubwoba bisaba inzira ifatika. Tugomba kwishingikiriza ku nganda-nganda zisesengura imiti hamwe na siyansi igezweho kugirango tumenye ukuri. Ukeneye amakuru asobanutse kugirango ufate ibyemezo byubuguzi byuzuye.
Tuzatandukanya ukuri nimpimbano dusuzume imiterere yimiti igezweho nubuziranenge bukomeye. Uzavumbura uburyo ibikorwa byiterambere byateye imbere byahinduye umutekano wibicuruzwa rwose. By'umwihariko, tuzasesengura uburyo ubwihindurize bwa aerosol bushobora guhindura cyane imyirondoro y’umutekano w’abaguzi ugereranije n’ikinyejana cya 20.
Ibyingenzi
Umugani wa Propellant: Kubuza isi yose kuri CFCs bivuze ko ibicuruzwa bya aerosol bigezweho bitagabanya urwego rwa ozone; ibyuma bigezweho bigengwa cyane numutekano.
Imiti nyayo: Ingaruka zubuzima nyazo mumirasire yumwuka wumurage ukomoka kuri VOC yihariye (Volatile Organic Compound) nka formaldehyde na phthalate, bigenda bikurwaho ninganda zujuje ibisabwa.
Gupakira ubunyangamugayo: Ibikoresho byumubiri bifite akamaro-amabati ya aluminium ya aerosol irinda imiti kumeneka no kwangirika neza kuruta plastiki zihenze.
Isuzumabumenyi: Isoko ryizewe hamwe nogukora bisaba kugenzura byimazeyo kugenzura imiti, ubwoko bwa moteri, hamwe nimpamyabumenyi yumutekano.
Kwubaka 'Ubumara bwo mu kirere Freshener ' Ikinyoma: Ibyo Siyanse ivuga
Abaguzi nabategura ibicuruzwa bahura ningorabahizi muri iki gihe. Bagomba gutandukanya ibintu karemano bitagira ingaruka n’imiti ikomatanya ihindagurika. Iyi miti ihindagurika akenshi itera kubahiriza amabendera atukura. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse kuri ibyo bikoresho birinda amakosa yo gukora cyane. Irinda kandi abakoresha amaherezo ibibazo byubuhumekero bitari ngombwa.
Umurage wo mu kirere umurage akenshi washingiraga kumwirondoro wangiza. Uku 'imiti ya cocktail ' yateje akaga ubuzima turacyabona nubu. Reka dusuzume neza ingaruka zifatika zibi bigize umurage.
Formaldehyde & Dichlorobenzene: Ibintu bikomereye umurage bitwara ingaruka zikomeye zo guhura. Formaldehyde ikora nk'imyanya y'ubuhumekero izwi. Gukomeza kwerekanwa murugo bihuza nuburozi bwigihe kirekire. Dichlorobenzene yibasiye cyane uburyo bwubuhumekero mugihe.
Phthalates: Ababikora bakoresheje amateka ya phalite kugirango bongere ubuzima bwimpumuro nziza. Mubyukuri bashira impumuro nziza mukirere. Nyamara, siyanse noneho irerekana ingaruka zifatika zo guhagarika imisemburo. Abakora urwego rwo hejuru bamenya akaga. Ubu bategura neza ibicuruzwa 'phthalate-free ' ibicuruzwa.
Abashinzwe uburyo bugezweho bashingira cyane kubintu bisanzwe nkibisanzwe. Inganda zihinduranya ibimera bikingira ubuzima bwabaguzi. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo amavuta akenewe nka vetiver na cedarwood. Ibikomoka ku bimera bikomeye bitinda impumuro nziza muburyo busanzwe. Bomekaho impumuro nziza. Zitwara zeru zeru. Ubu buryo busanzwe butanga impumuro nziza, irambye.
Ikirere cya kijyambere kirashobora: Ibintu byamamaza hamwe nubwoba bwashaje
Gupfobya bikomeje kwibasira inganda zihumura neza. Abaguzi benshi baracyizera ko ikintu cyose cyotswa igitutu kibika ozone igabanya chlorofluorocarbone (CFCs). Tugomba gukaza umurego-kugenzura iyi myizerere ishaje.
Ubucuruzi bwo mu kirere bwubucuruzi bwatangiye bwa mbere ahagana mu 1956.Ibikorwa byo hambere byakoresheje CFC cyane. Nyamara, amategeko y’ibidukikije ku isi yabikuyeho burundu mu myaka mirongo ishize. Amasezerano ya Montreal yahatiye guhindura inganda ku isi. Uyu munsi, kubona CFC mubipfunyika byabaguzi ntibishoboka rwose.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bigezweho bishyira imbere umutekano wibidukikije nubuzima bwabantu. Imiterere igezweho ikoresha ubundi buryo bugenzurwa cyane. Izi moteri zujuje ubuziranenge zirimo hydrocarbone isukuye, umwuka ucanye, cyangwa azote nziza. Iyo bikozwe neza, sisitemu zigezweho ntizitera itera ozone. Kugenzura ubuziranenge bikomeje kuba ibya mbere. Ibikorwa byo gukora neza bisaba kugenzurwa cyane. Abaguzi bagomba guhora bashaka ibyemezo bizwi nka CE, SGS, cyangwa UL. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byisi yose bigenzura umutekano wumusaruro.
Igihe |
Umuyoboro wibanze |
Ingaruka ku bidukikije |
Umwirondoro wumutekano |
Mbere ya za 1980 |
CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) |
Kugabanuka gukabije kwa Ozone |
Biteje akaga / Birabujijwe |
1990 - 2000 |
Amashanyarazi ya kare |
Ingaruka ya Ozone |
Biteganijwe ariko birashya |
Umunsi w'iki gihe |
Umwuka uhumanye / Azote |
Ingaruka Zeru |
Umutekano Ukabije / Inert |
Ibikoresho byo gupakira: Impamvu igikoresho gikwiye kibuza imiti
Igikoresho gifatika gifite akamaro kangana kumiti imbere. Tugomba gusuzuma imiterere isanzwe yo gupakira dushingiye kubipimo byumutekano. Gutunganya imiti ningaruka ku bidukikije biratandukanye cyane mubikoresho. Igikoresho cyatoranijwe nabi kirashobora kwangiza byoroshye formulaire itekanye neza.
Ibicuruzwa bisanzwe byabaguzi byerekana intege nke. Plastike yitwara nabi kuri ogisijeni mugihe kinini. Amavuta amwe yibanze yibanze nayo atesha agaciro plastike ihendutse. Iyangirika rishobora guteza imiti ikabije. Igikoresho kirekura buhoro buhoro plasitike mu mpumuro nziza. Ikirahure gitanga ubundi buryo bwa chimique. Igumana umutekano rwose kumavuta akomeye. Kubwamahirwe, ikirahure kigaragaza ko cyoroshye cyane. Birahenze kandi bidasanzwe gutwara neza mumwanya muremure.
Aluminium kontineri ya aerosol yerekana igisubizo cyiza, ubucuruzi-urwego rwubucuruzi. Abayobozi b'inganda bakunda aluminium kubwimpamvu nyinshi zikomeye.
Ubunyangamugayo bwa Rust: Aluminium irwanya okiside rwose. Ntabwo yigeze ibora ahantu h'ubwiherero butose.
Ubwikorezi bworoshye: Igabanya cyane uburemere bwo kohereza ugereranije nuducupa twinshi twikirahure.
Kwirinda Gutesha agaciro: Aluminiyumu ikora inzitizi idashobora kurwanya urumuri rukabije rwa UV na ogisijeni yo hanze.
Imiti ihamye: Yemeza ko impumuro nziza yimbere ikomeza kuba nziza. Irinda byimazeyo gutembera kurukuta rwa kontineri.
Ibikoresho byo gupakira |
Imiti ihamye |
Ingaruka |
Kuramba |
Amashanyarazi asanzwe (PET) |
Hasi kugeza Hagati |
Hejuru (reaction ku mavuta) |
Shatterproof ariko itesha agaciro |
Ikirahure |
Hejuru cyane |
Nta na kimwe |
Biroroshye cyane |
Aluminium |
Hejuru cyane |
Nta na kimwe |
Kuramba kandi birinda ingese |
Politiki ngengamikorere no gukorera mu mucyo
Icyuho kibabaje cyo gukorera mu mucyo kiracyariho murwego rwimpumuro nziza. Amategeko agenga isi yose muri iki gihe ntakunze gutegeka kumenyekanisha ibihumura neza. Igihe cyashize 'ubucuruzi bwibanga ' kurinda cyane gukingira formulaire nyayo. Iki cyuho cyemewe n'amategeko kibangamira abunganira umutekano. Bituma abaguzi bakeka ubwiza bwikirere bwo murugo.
Amatsinda y’ibidukikije ahora asunika kubuza imiti ikaze. Amashyirahamwe nka NRDC ashyigikiye byimazeyo ibintu byose biboneye. Ntabwo ibyifuzo byose bivamo guhagarika amategeko ako kanya. Inzira y'amategeko igenda gahoro cyane. Ariko, ibitekerezo-byubahiriza ibitekerezo ubu byiganje ku isoko ryo hejuru. Abayobozi b'isoko bashishikaye gutangaza amakuru kubushake. Basobanukiwe nibikorwa byubucuruzi bisobanutse byubaka ikizere cyigihe kirekire. Bishimiye gusangira ibyemezo byabo kugirango bagaragaze umutekano wibicuruzwa.
Kugabanya ingaruka bisaba amahame atavuguruzanya. Ibicuruzwa bikora ibicuruzwa bishya bihura nigitutu kinini. Abacuruzi babika ububiko bafite inshingano zikomeye. Kwishingikiriza kubatanga ibicuruzwa byemewe ni igipimo cyuzuye kidashoboka. Abaguzi bakomeye basaba impapuro zuzuye z'umutekano wuzuye (MSDS). Barasaba kandi kwipimisha laboratoire yigenga. Niba utanga ibicuruzwa yihishe inyuma yubucuruzi, ugomba kugenda.
Urwego rwo gusuzuma: Gushakisha no Guhitamo Ikirere Cyiza
Kuyobora isoko yimpumuro nziza bisaba urutonde rwukuri. Abaguzi B2B bombi hamwe nabaguzi babimenyeshejwe cyane bungukirwa no gutondeka neza. Ugomba gushingira ibipimo ngenderwaho kubuhanga bugenzurwa na lisiti yibigize ibintu.
Icyambere, burigihe ukore igenzura ryikoranabuhanga. Reba byumwihariko kuri Bag-kuri-Valve (BOV). Sisitemu yimbere yimbere ihindura ikigereranyo cyumutekano rwose. BOV itandukanya moteri n'amazi meza yimpumuro nziza. Amazi yicaye neza mumufuka wimbere. Umwuka ucogoye ukanda umufuka hanze. Ibi bitanga igihu cyiza cyane, gifite umutekano. Umukoresha ntabwo ahumeka moteri ubwayo.
Icya kabiri, saba kugenzura neza. Ntukemure ibyifuzo bidasobanutse 'bisanzwe '. Menya neza ko ibimenyetso byashyizwe ahagaragara bibaho. Urashaka kwemeza neza zero zero. Ugomba kugenzura niba parabens idahari. Wange formula iyo ari yo yose ishingiye kuri VOC synthique.
Hanyuma, shyira mubikorwa ibyifuzo byo gukoresha kugirango ugabanye ingaruka. Porogaramu ikwiye igabanya cyane urwego rwo kwerekana.
Koresha bike: spray ngufi itesha impumuro neza. Gutera hejuru cyane bitesha agaciro ubwiza bwikirere.
Shyira imbere guhumeka: Buri gihe utere ahantu uhumeka neza. Umwuka usanzwe uhindura ibitekerezo neza.
Porogaramu igenewe: Fata ubucuruzi bwimyuka yubucuruzi nkibintu bigabanya impumuro mbi. Ntukoreshe nk'imyuka ihoraho.
Umwanzuro
Ikirere cyo mu kirere ntabwo ari uburozi muburyo busanzwe. Nyamara, uburyo butateguwe neza butwara ingaruka zubuzima. Amazi make ahendutse abitse mubipfunyika bisanzwe byangiza rwose ikirere cyimbere. Siyanse yerekana neza ko tugomba kwirinda VOCs yihariye.
Gutegura umurongo mushya wibicuruzwa bisaba kugenzura umutekano muke. Kugura ibarura ryikigo kinini bisaba umwete ungana. Ugomba gushyira imbere ababikora bakoresha tekinoroji ya aluminiyumu. Saba imiti ikomoka kumashanyarazi ako kanya. Menya neza ko abaguzi bawe bakoresha sisitemu igezweho, itekanye.
Fata ingamba uyu munsi kugirango urinde ibidukikije. Kugenzura abaguzi bawe ubu. Saba ibyemezo byubahirizwa byabacuruzi bawe. Niba bananiwe gutanga ibyangombwa bisobanutse, vugurura tekinoroji yawe yuzuye kugirango wuzuze ibipimo byumutekano bigezweho ako kanya.
Ibibazo
Ikibazo: Ese amabati ya aerosol agezweho aracyakoresha CFCs?
Igisubizo: Oya CFCs yabujijwe kwisi yose kubicuruzwa bya aerosol byabaguzi mumyaka mirongo ishize. Amabati ya kijyambere akoresha moteri itekanye, igenzurwa cyangwa umwuka ucanye.
Ikibazo: Nubuhe buryo bwizewe bwo gukoresha freshener yubucuruzi?
Igisubizo: Gabanya inshuro zikoreshwa, utere ahantu uhumeka neza kugirango wemererwe gukwirakwizwa, kandi wirinde guhora uhura nibyumba bifunze cyane, ibyumba bito.
Ikibazo: Amabati ya aluminiyumu afite umutekano kuruta plastiki yo kubika ibyuma bishya?
Igisubizo: Yego. Aluminium irinda okiside, ikabuza kwangirika kwurumuri rwa UV, kandi ntishobora gukorana namavuta yimpumuro nziza cyangwa moteri, bitandukanye na plastiki nyinshi.
Ikibazo: Ikoranabuhanga rya Bag-on-Valve (BOV) ni ubuhe?
Igisubizo: BOV ni sisitemu ya aerosol yateye imbere aho ibicuruzwa bifatirwa imbere mumifuka myinshi igizwe na kanseri. Umwuka ucometse ukanda umufuka kugirango utange ibicuruzwa, ukemeza ko impumuro nziza itigera ivangwa na moteri yimiti.
